Find citing papers by opening the study's record in Google Scholar and following its cited-by link, or by querying the Semantic Scholar citations route with the paper's identifier to retrieve the works that cite it.
- Identify the study precisely. Use the exact title in quotation marks for a Google Scholar title search, or capture the Semantic Scholar paper identifier for the record you mean. Confirm the result matches the study's authors and venue before collecting citing works.
- Retrieve the citing set. In Google Scholar, open the record and use the cited-by link to list works that cite it. In the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph API, call the citation route for that paper identifier; the response returns the citing works.
- Cross-check the two sets. Compare the citing works returned by each route and note items that appear in only one. Treat a difference as unresolved and inspect the individual record before relying on it.
- Verify each citing paper against its original source. ICMJE recommends verifying references against original sources and citing direct sources where possible, so open the citing paper itself to confirm it discusses the study you started from.
- Check for retractions. ICMJE advises authors to identify retractions, so confirm the status of both the original study and key citing papers before using them in a decision-ready source set.
Google Scholar's cited-by links and the Semantic Scholar citation routes give you two parallel ways to assemble the citing set. Use the overlap as your working list and resolve each discrepancy by opening the record.