How to quote conference speeches or presentations?

Citing conference speeches or presentations requires formal attribution using essential information about the speaker and the event. These sources are generally cited in notes or reference lists, not within the main text flow. Key principles involve clearly identifying the presenter as the author, providing the presentation's exact title (in quotation marks), specifying the full conference name (italicized), the precise date(s), and the event location (city). The format description ("Conference presentation," "Paper presentation," "Keynote address") is crucial. Crucially, treat unpublished presentations as personal communications if public access is impossible. To cite a conference presentation, follow these steps in your reference list entry: Speaker's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day(s)). *Title of presentation* [Format description, e.g., Conference presentation]. *Conference Name*, Location (City, State/Country). If publicly accessible via a database or repository, include the URL or DOI at the end. This method allows others to potentially locate the source and validates your reference.