What should I do if I quote an academic article without a page number?

When citing academic sources lacking page numbers, omit this element and utilize alternative locators such as section headings, paragraph numbers, or timestamps where feasible and appropriate, following applicable style guide conventions. The core principle is maintaining clear attribution and enabling precise source retrieval. If available, logical divisions within the text (chapter titles, section headings, enumerated paragraphs/sections) serve as preferred substitutes for page numbers. Consistency in locator choice across similar citations within the same work is vital. Specific style guides (APA, MLA, Chicago) provide distinct guidelines on permissible locators and formatting; consulting the required manual is paramount. Generally, note "n. pag." is now obsolete. This approach facilitates accurate referencing crucial for scholarly integrity. Implementation involves identifying the most stable, searchable component (e.g., "Conclusion section, para. 2", "Discussion under 'Limitations' heading", "Video file, 01:23:45"). Locators are often mandatory when quoting directly but may be optional for paraphrased material depending on the style; the goal remains enabling readers to efficiently locate the cited information within the source.