How to quote a report without a year in APA format?
Citing a report without a publication year in APA Style requires using "n.d." (meaning "no date") in place of the year within the in-text citation and reference entry. It is a standard APA method for dealing with sources lacking this required element.
The key principle is substituting "n.d." for the missing year. For a parenthetical citation, this follows the author(s) name: (Author, n.d.). In a narrative citation, it appears within the sentence: Author (n.d.). The reference list entry uses "n.d." after the author name(s), followed by the title in italics, the word "Report" in square brackets to describe the document type, and the publisher or source name. If retrieved online, include a URL or DOI. Avoid inventing a date or using approximations like "ca."
Implement this by locating the author, title, and source details. In the in-text citation, use the author name and "n.d." (e.g., (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.)). In the reference list, format as: Author. (n.d.). *Title of report* [Report]. Source Name. URL or DOI. For example: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). *Understanding your health* [Report]. https://www.cdc.gov/example. This ensures accurate attribution and follows APA guidelines when formal publication dates are unavailable.
