What information is needed when referencing a PDF file?

Referencing PDF files requires standard bibliographic elements combined with specific identifiers ensuring the source is traceable and verifiable. This involves providing author details, publication information, and crucial locator details particular to digital documents. Essential information encompasses the author(s) or organizational creator(s), the complete document title, relevant publisher or institutional source details, the publication year, and explicit designation of the document format as "[PDF]". Crucially, include either the Digital Object Identifier (DOI), a stable URL linking directly to the source repository or publisher, or the URL where the PDF was accessed. If a DOI exists, it is always preferable. When using non-stable URLs, include the date the document was accessed. Page numbers should be included for direct quotes or specific references. Providing these elements accurately allows readers and reviewers to locate the original source efficiently. It demonstrates scholarly rigor, facilitates verification of claims, upholds academic integrity by proper attribution, and supports the replicability of research. Consistent inclusion of format identifiers and stable locators like DOIs ensures long-term accessibility.